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The debate about the relationship of tribes with water, forest and land is very old. Whether it is the matter of saving the forest or the environment, the rights of the tribes or the development, this issue has always been discussed in different ways. But a recent decision of the Madhya Pradesh government should be seen as a new initiative in this direction. The government has implemented the decision to convert 827 forest villages in 29 districts of the state into revenue villages. This decision will benefit a large number of people belonging to the tribe, who had been victims of exploitation and oppression under the guise of forest laws for years.
Vangrams are actually such villages which are situated in the midst of dense forests. In the initial period, it was not even in the definition of 'village'. These were such settlements of tribal groups who lived in the forests and lived there with the help of the forest resources that had settled in the forests. In Madhya Pradesh, there are 925 forest villages in 29 districts with dense forest cover, out of which the exercise was going on for twenty years to convert 827 forest villages into revenue villages. Between 2002 and 2004, the Madhya Pradesh government had sent district-wise proposals for this to the central government.
The question can be asked that what is the meaning of converting these forest villages into revenue villages and how will its effect be. So to answer this, it is necessary to first know what is the arrangement of Vangram. In fact, the fate of forest villages has been decided by the Forest Department till now. Due to this, the tribal communities living in the forests had to be victims of many types of exploitation. Despite being residents of the forest from generation to generation, they were not the authorized residents of there. Forests were the natural habitat of these forest dwellers, but during the British era, when the policy of preserving forests was made, such areas were also included in the protected forest area, where forest dwellers lived for many generations and lived on the forest wealth. were. While preparing some land for cultivation in the middle of the forest, he started growing food for his use there. But all such people became encroachers on their own land in a way due to the forest policy and laws of that time. Their cultivated land was also not considered as agricultural land or revenue land.
This was such a serious mistake that later led to widespread discontent among the tribals. Unfortunately, even after independence, no concerted efforts were made to rectify this mistake. We can see the result of this in the form of movements for water, forest and land after independence. Madhya Pradesh is in those states of the country where even today the forests are on a very large area. Even after the formation of Madhya Pradesh state in 1956, the issue of forest villages had arisen and the then forest officers were also of the opinion that there should be an initiative to recognize these villages as revenue villages.
Historical documents show that three or four types of Vangrams were prominent in the details of Vangrams that were prepared at that time. The first category was of such villages which were already settled in the forests before independence. After that, when the forest area around them was declared as a reserved forest, the tribals of these villages were declared part of the reserved forest area without giving them a cultivation lease or recognizing their agricultural land. Later, even when the reserve forest area was expanded, many such villages came under the forest area, which were earlier in the revenue area. There was also a dispute about the lease of land already given to such people. Some of these people had permanent leases of land and some were later given temporary leases. Apart from these, some settlements also settled where people were brought by the Forest Department for wages according to their need.
Forest villages were first taken care of in 1977 when the Madhya Pradesh government made rules for this. These were called the 'Establishment of Forest Villages in Reserved and Protected Forests' rules. Under these rules, arrangements were made to give lease of their agricultural land to the people settled in such villages. As per rules, such temporary lease was given for a period of 15 years for a maximum of five hectares of land. A new twist in this matter came when in the context of the Forest Conservation Act in 1980, all such leases were reviewed.
The result was that apart from those who had got land leases before 1977, others were considered 'trespassers'. This caused a lot of dissatisfaction because there were many people among them who were living their life while living in the forest for many years. It was from here that the issue of tribal or tribal rights over the forest also gained momentum. Later this matter also became a matter of politics.
In such a situation, in the presence of Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah and Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in Bhopal on June 23, when the official process of converting 827 forest villages into revenue villages was announced, in a way it was a relief for hundreds of tribals. It was the matter of those who were not able to tell the land on which they had been cultivating from generation to generation after getting entangled in the thorns of laws and regulations. Amit Shah rightly said in the program that Madhya Pradesh has become the first state in the country which has made the tribal brothers the masters of the forest in the true sense.
After converting forest villages into revenue villages, the residents there will also be able to get, use their rights related to land and agriculture like normal villagers. The way for access to basic facilities in such villages will also be cleared. The sword of the law of the forest will not hang on the heads of the tribals. Just keep in mind that these residents of the forest do not get trapped in the clutches of the revenue department after coming out of the clutches of the forest department.
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